| CVE |
Vendors |
Products |
Updated |
CVSS v3.1 |
| Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: Text component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6. |
| ### Summary
`qs.stringify` with `allowEmptyArrays: true` writes the key of an empty array without encoding it, even though keys are encoded by default. A key that contains `&` (or the configured `delimiter`), `=`, or `#` therefore becomes query string syntax instead of data, so a caller-supplied key name can add parameters to the serialized query string, or cut it short.
### Details
In `lib/stringify.js`, the `allowEmptyArrays` branch returns `adjustedPrefix + '[]'` early, before the code that passes every other key through `encoder` and `formatter`. So `{ "x&k=v": ["1"] }` serializes as `x%26k%3Dv%5B0%5D=1`, but `{ "x&k=v": [] }` serializes as `x&k=v[]`. The early return applies at any depth (`{ "a": { "b&k=v": [] } }` gives `a[b&k=v][]`), under every `arrayFormat`, with `allowDots`, and with a custom `encoder`, which is never called for that key. With `encode: false` or `encodeValuesOnly: true`, keys are intentionally left unencoded on every path; those configurations are not affected.
#### PoC
```js
var qs = require("qs");
var query = qs.stringify({ q: "hi", "x&apiKey=evil&y": [] }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });
// "q=hi&x&apiKey=evil&y[]"
qs.parse(query);
// { q: "hi", x: "", apiKey: "evil", y: [""] }
qs.stringify({ "x#": [], z: "1" }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });
// "x#[]&z=1": in a URL, everything after "#" becomes the fragment
```
#### Fix
Applied in 234d505 on `main` and released as v6.17.0, and backported to v6.16.2, v6.15.4, v6.14.3, v6.13.4, and v6.12.6: the key of an empty array goes through `encoder` and `formatter` exactly as the key of any other value does, so `{ "x&apiKey=evil&y": [] }` now serializes as `x%26apiKey%3Devil%26y[]`. Keys that need no encoding serialize as before, with two exceptions that match every other path: the brackets of a nested key are now encoded (`a[b][]` becomes `a%5Bb%5D[]`, which `qs.parse` reads identically), and with `encodeDotInKeys`, a dot in the key becomes `%252E` instead of `%2E` (which `decodeDotInKeys` previously misread as nesting).
### Affected versions
- `>=6.12.0 <6.12.6`, fixed in v6.12.6
- `>=6.13.0 <6.13.4`, fixed in v6.13.4
- `>=6.14.0 <6.14.3`, fixed in v6.14.3
- `>=6.15.0 <6.15.4`, fixed in v6.15.4
- `>=6.16.0 <6.16.2`, fixed in v6.16.2
v6.17.0 and later are not affected.
`allowEmptyArrays` was introduced in f22b2bc and first shipped in v6.12.0, with this early return. Earlier versions have no `allowEmptyArrays` option and are not affected.
### Impact
An application that passes an object whose key names come from untrusted input to `qs.stringify` with `allowEmptyArrays: true` (for example, to forward a parsed JSON body or user-selected fields to an upstream service) can have parameters injected into the resulting query string. The injected parameters are not keys of the object, so deleting or overwriting a key on the object (such as setting a trusted `apiKey` after copying the user's fields) does not remove them; whether the attacker's value or the application's wins depends on how the receiving side handles a duplicate parameter. A `#` in such a key ends the query string early when the result is placed in a URL. `allowEmptyArrays` is off by default, and only keys whose value (after any `filter`) is an empty array are affected. |
| virtualenv is a tool for creating isolated virtual python environments. Prior to 21.13.0, the bash activate script that zsh also sources leaves the environment name unescaped; from 21.13.0 until 21.14.4, it escapes backslashes, dollar signs, and backticks only when BASH_VERSION is set, so zsh receives the raw value. The script assigns that value to PS1. In zsh with PROMPT_SUBST, an attacker-influenced environment directory, --prompt, or VIRTUALENV_PROMPT value containing command, parameter, or arithmetic expansion syntax can therefore execute commands in the user's shell each time the prompt is drawn. A percent sign is separately interpreted as a zsh prompt escape but does not by itself execute commands. Plain zsh with PROMPT_SUBST disabled and bash are not affected by this mechanism. This issue is fixed in version 21.14.4. |
| Incorrect boundary conditions in the XML component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6. |
| Authlib is a Python library which builds OAuth and OpenID Connect servers. From 0.15 until 1.9.1, the documented ClientConfigurationEndpoint.authenticate_client and ClientConfigurationEndpoint.check_permission reference implementations look up a target client from request-controlled client_id data and check only whether that target is editable, without verifying that request.credential belongs to the target client. Deployments following both examples can allow a client holding any valid registration access token to read, modify, or delete another client's registration. Changing redirect_uris can enable authorization code or token interception, while deleting registrations can deny service to affected clients. This issue is fixed in version 1.9.1. |
| A security vulnerability has been detected in Tencent RapidJSON up to 1.1.0. This issue affects the function GenericStringStream<UTF8<char>>::Take in the library include/rapidjson/stream.h of the component Regex Parser. The manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet. |
| virtualenv is a tool for creating isolated virtual python environments. Prior to 21.14.2, FishActivator inherits ViaTemplateActivator.quote(), which uses POSIX shlex.quote() even though fish interprets backslashes and single quotes differently. An attacker-influenced environment path, --prompt, or VIRTUALENV_PROMPT value containing a backslash before a quote can therefore terminate the generated fish literal and execute command substitution when the user sources activate.fish. This issue is fixed in version 21.14.2. |
| Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 158, Firefox ESR 153.5, Thunderbird 158, Thunderbird 153.5, and Firefox ESR 115.44. |
| The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.7.2. An attacker with memory write capability may be able to bypass pointer authentication codes and run arbitrary code. |
| Obsidian Desktop before 1.14.0 contains a filter bypass vulnerability in the bundled MathJax 3.2.2 Safe component that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code by embedding a crafted \href value with a TAB byte in the URL scheme, causing filterURL to produce an empty protocol that bypasses the configured safeProtocols restrictions. Attackers can craft a note containing a malicious MathJax formula that renders as a javascript: URL anchor, which when clicked by the victim in Live Preview executes in the Node-integration-enabled vault renderer via require('child_process'), achieving arbitrary operating system command execution as the desktop user. |
| Obsidian Desktop before 1.14.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to craft malicious Markdown notes exploiting insufficient sanitization of the data-background-iframe attribute, which bypasses DOMPurify and is processed by the bundled Reveal.js 4.3.1 within the Slides core plugin, allowing a javascript: URL to execute in the resulting background iframe. Because Node integration is enabled and context isolation is disabled in Obsidian's vault renderer, the injected script can call parent.require() to access Node APIs such as fs and child_process, enabling arbitrary operating system command execution when the victim opens the note and manually starts the presentation. |
| A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Sequoia 15.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.7.2. An app may be able to cause a denial-of-service. |
| Buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the affected interface of AOS-10 could lead to unauthenticated remote code execution by sending specially crafted packets to the affected interface. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the ability to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system. |
| Buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the affected interface of AOS-10 that could lead to unauthenticated remote code execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system, leading to complete system compromise. |
| Memory corruption vulnerabilities in the affected interface of AOS-10 could lead to remote code execution by an unauthenticated adjacent attacker. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system. |
| A vulnerability in a certain web interface endpoint of AOS-8 devices could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to trigger a buffer overflow. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system, leading to complete system compromise. |
| Vulnerabilities in multiple web interface endpoints of AOS-8 devices could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to trigger a buffer overflow by using specially crafted requests. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system, leading to complete system compromise. |
| A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the command line interface of AOS-8 that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host if certain preconditions outside of the attacker's control are met. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise. |
| A memory corruption vulnerability exists in AOS-8 that could allow an authenticated local attacker to execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system. |
| Memory corruption vulnerabilities in AOS-10 could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to conduct a denial of service attack. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to disrupt the availability of the affected service. |
